Potential Cognitive and Memory Enhancing Property of the Caulerpa Lentillifera (Lato) & Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Guso).

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rationale It is true that or so of us get much forgetful as we age. It may guide longer to come across new things, remember certain words, or go out our glasses. These changes ar often signs of forgetfulness. Brain scientists believe that the effects of normal age on retentivity may result from the subtly changing environment within the brain. With senescence, the brain seems to lose cells in aras that produce important neurotransmitters, upsetting the brains delicate balance of these chemical messengers.Other changes make pass in the brains gabardine matter, which is made up of hardiness cell fibers, the telephone cables of brain cells by which communication with another(prenominal) cells takes place. just how these changes affect memory is not entirely clear, that it may be that they decrease the efficiency of cell-to-cell communication. What the scientist knows is as we get older, our capability to lay use up fresh memories may be affect ed, making it much difficult to learn new things.Its not so much that we forget more easily, but that we may take longer to learn the information in the first place A lot of studies consec cheat one been made in different substance for its potential property on enhancing memory and cognition. Docosahexaenoic biting is one of them. DHA is the most abundant omega-3 superfatted vinegarish in the brain. DHA is believe that it could maintain memory and support over each cognitive health. A carotenoid namely fucoxanthin increase the amount DHA in the biological system without ingestion of fish oil supplementation.It is too consider that low carotenoid levels could play a role in cognitive impairment. Phytochemicals such as antioxidants polyphenolic compounds flavonoids occur all over in nourishments of plant origin like fruits and vegetable, carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C have also a possible in improving age-related neurological dysfunction. These substances could also be found in nautical algae and other marine organism. DHA is mostly found in the fish oil but the DHA originates from the photosynthetic and heterotrophic microalgae and macroalgae that the fish ate and other marine creature.Phytochemical such as flavonoids is found also in algae. Knowing about this at that place could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Eating seaweeds could have its benefits. It is time to get to know the seaweeds known in the Filipino tables which are Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot although everyone calls it a seaweed, lukot is anything but a the secretions of the creature dongsul/ sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and it is not an algae but it eats algae.With all this information there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Thus this sketch is to be conducted. A. kappaphycus alvarezii (Guso)B. Caulerpa lentillifera (Lato) www. ruffordsmallgrants. orgwww. backpacki ngphilippines. com C. screwball plenitude of sea Hare (Dolabella auriculari) (Lukot) www. marketmanila. com Fig. 1 A, B, C Seaweeds and Egg Mass Used in the Experiments Objective of the StudyThis study aims to conciliate the memory and cognitive enhancing properties of Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg tidy sum of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on advanced albino mice. 1. To determine the average time at which the mice were able to complete the delegate after the allotted period for the uptake of the pigeon pellets, Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). 2.To compare which of the treatment Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) have more cognitive and memory enhancing property. Significance of the Study The importance of the study is to jockstrap us reveal the potential cognitive and memory enhan cing property of the Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) &038 Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso). erst its memory-cognition enhancing property is determine, this study promotes the consumption of edible eaweeds and other marine creatures to be part of the diet of average Filipino citizen like the Japanese people. Incorporating it through our daily meals could be use as a checkive vizor away from dementia, Alzheimers and other memory-cognitive decline diseases. Moreover this study provide present additional information to the other researchers with their studies in improving the memory &038 cognition and those researchers doing investigation &038 experimentation on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso)and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia).Scope and Limitation The study only focuses on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and its cognitive-memory enhancing property. The seaweeds an d the egg mass impart be purchased in Carbon Public Market. The experimentation will takes place in University of San Carlos- tool House, Pharmacological Testing Room where there is sufficient air, light and public discussion and the testing period will take 20 days.The mature albino white mice will be coming from one single source and will weigh 25-30grams. The method will be use in bar memory and cognition will be Morris Water Maze. The time that the rat reaches the platform is used as the basis of analysis on the memory-cognitive enhancing property. This study only provide information on the effectiveness of the macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) &038 Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on their cognitive-memory enhancing property. Definition of TermsCognition- A term referring to the amiable processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. D HA (Docosahexaenoic acid )-An omega-3, polyunsaturated, 22-carbon fatty acid found almost exclusively in fish and marine carnal oils. Latency- The amount of time a message takes to traverse a system. Memory- Refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and later retrieve information. There are leash major processes involved in memory encoding, storage and retrieval.Non-sequential- Not in logical order or sequence. Spatial- With reference to space or positioning in space. Quasi-random- A low-discrepancy sequence. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ace of the memory &038 cognition decline is endeavord by oxidative filtrate and epigenetic changes. quadruplicate lines of evidence suggest that progressive oxidative damage is a conserved, cardinal mechanism of age-related functional decline moreover genes that mediate oxidative stress responses and DNA damage repair constitute the largest class of genes up correct in the ageing human prefrontal cortex.Diet ary antioxidants can obliterate many age-related gene expressions and can reduce cognitive decline and prevent oxidative damage to the brain in ageing rats (Bishop et al. , 2010). Eating food rich in phytochemicals improves the aged-related neurological dysfunction including the most devastating of these, are Alzheimers disease AD and Parkinsons disease PD.Phytochemicals such as consumption of dietary antioxidants polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) occur ubiquitously in foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetable), Carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C (Youdim and Joseph, 2001) A study was done showing the relationship between cognitive performance (assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test spokesperson B, Digit Symbol Substitution, Finger Tapping Test, and Word Fluency Test) and different germ plasm carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, a-carotene, and trans-bcarotene and cis-b-carotene) in a healthy elderly population.Logistic regres sion showed that participants with the last-place cognitive functioning (25th percentile) had a higher probability of having low levels of particular proposition plasma carotenoids (,1st quartile) lycopene and zeaxanthin. This shows that Low carotenoid level in the blood could be the cause of cognitive impairment. (Akbaraly, et al. 2007). Fucoxanthum a carotenoid extracted in macroalgae by using of powdered seaweed (Undaria Pinnatifida) with trichloromethane/methanol (21) v/v. Undaria lipids containing the Fucoxanthin 9. 6% was obtained from the powdered seaweed while 78% from the crude.Fucoxanthin also enhances the amount of DHA in the liver. This shows the chance of dietary fucoxanthin stimulated increase DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in biological system without direct DHA supplementation. DHA is naturally originate in the system in small amounts, and is the most abundant omega 3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA oil is abundant in some marine microalgae (Miyashita, et al. 2008). A Twen ty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA better learning and memory function in age related cognitive decline (ARCD) and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging and with Alzheimers disease.The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally essential nutrients that enhance quality of life and lower the risk of immature death. They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is turn out essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on deportment and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites.In doubleblind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention famine/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. For the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MD D) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for borderline spirit disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) check with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function. Altern Med Rev, 2007). Twenty weaning Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed either with a diet that was adequate in LNA (n-3 Adq) or with a diet that was lacking(predicate) in LNA (n-3 Def). In the MWM test, the escape latency of both groups gradually diminish over the testing period, indicating an improvement in performance for both groups. In general, the n-3 Adq group had shorter latencies to locate the escape platform than the n-3-Def rats (P